Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs

                    Auxiliary Verbs  : are the verbs be, do, have, will when they are followed by another verb (the full verb) in order to form a question, a negative sentence, a compound tense or the passive.

The verb "be"

                   The verb be can be used as an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb for compound tenses and the passive voice. Note that be is an irregular verb:

                

                  Simple Present:     I am, he/she/it is, we/you/they are

                 Simple Past:    I/he/she/it was, we/you/they were

                 Past Participle:     been

             You can tell that in the following sentences be is an auxiliary because it is followed by another verb (the full verb). (For progressive forms use the "-ing" form of the full verb; for passive voice, use the past participle of the full verb.)

Progressive Forms

                 Present Progressive:

              He is playing football.

                Past Progressive:

              He was playing football.

                Present Perfect Progressive:

             He has been playing football.

                Past Perfect Progressive:

            He had been playing football.

Passive

             Simple Present/Past:      The house is/was built.

             Present/Past Perfect:     The house has/had been built.

             Future I:     The house will be built.

"be" as a full verb
                      The verb be can also be a full verb. In this case, it's not followed by another verb. If be is used as a full verb, we do not need an auxiliary in negative sentences or questions.

            positive sentence:

        They are fifteen years old.

           negative sentence:

       They are not fifteen years old.

           question:

        Are they fifteen years old?

The verb "have"

               The verb have, too, can be used both as an auxiliary and as a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb to form compound tenses in active and passive voice. (Use the past participle of the full verb.)
Compound Tenses - Active Voice

         Present Perfect Simple:

        He has played football.

        Past Perfect Simple:

        He had played football.

        Present Perfect Progressive:

        He has been playing football.

        Past Perfect Progressive:

        He had been playing football.

Compound Tenses - Passive Voice

        Present/Past Perfect:

       The house has/had been built.

Note that have is an irregular verb, too:

         Simple Present:

        I/we/you/they have, he/she/it has

         Simple Past:

        I/he/she/it/we/you/they had

         Past Participle:

       had

"have" in positive sentences
               As a full verb have indicates possession. In British English, however, we usually use have got (have being the auxiliary, got the full verb).

          full verb:

     I have a car.

         auxiliary verb:

     I have got a car.

"have" in negative sentences and questions
               When we use have as a full verb, we must use the auxiliary do in negative sentences and questions. If we use have got, however, we do not need another auxiliary.

        have as a full verb:

   I do not have a car.

   Do I have a car?

       have as an auxiliary verb:

  I have not got a car.

  Have I got a car?

The verb "will"

Future I: The verb will can only be used as an auxiliary. We use it to form the future tenses.
The auxiliary verb "will"

 He will not play football.

       Future II:

 He will have played football.

The verb will remains the same for all forms (no "s" for 3rd person singular). The short form for negative sentences is won't.'

Examples:

I will, he will

I will not = I won't

The verb "do"

               The verb do can be both an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use do in negative sentences and questions for most verbs (except not for be, will, have got and modal verbs) in Simple Present and Simple Past. (Use the infinitive of the full verb.)
The auxiliary "do" in negative sentences

         Simple Present:

    He does not play football.

        Simple Past:

    He did not play football.

The auxiliary "do" in questions

       Simple Present:

    Does he play football?

      Simple Past:

   Did he play football?

The verb do is irregular:

     Simple Present:

I/we/you/they do, he/she/it does

      Simple Past:

I/he/she/it/we/you/they did

The full verb "do"
               As a full verb we use do in certain expressions. If we want to form negative sentences or questions using do as a full verb, we need another do as an auxiliary.

      positive sentence:

She does her homework every day.

      negative sentence:

She doesn't do her homework every day.

      question:

Does she do her homework every day?

Sentences without the auxiliary "do"

In the following cases, the auxiliary do is not used in negative sentences/questions:
the full verb is "be"

Example:

I am not angry. / Are you okay?

the sentence already contains another auxiliary (e.g. have, be, will)

Example:

They are not sleeping. / Have you heard that?

the sentence contains a modal verb (can, may, must, need, ought to, shall, should)

Example:

We need not wait. / Can you repeat that, please?

the question asks for the subject of the sentence

Example:

Who sings that song?

 

Auxiliary Verbs     

 

Exercise

Is the bold verb an auxiliary or a full verb?

1. Dad is working in the garden. auxiliary verbfull verb
2. We do the shopping once a week. auxiliary verbfull verb
3. These students never have classes on Fridays. auxiliary verbfull verb
4. What do you do for a living? auxiliary verbfull verb
5. The kids were dancing to the music. auxiliary verbfull verb
6. Did you see him? auxiliary verbfull verb
7. The door is closed. auxiliary verbfull verb
8. Where have you been? auxiliary verbfull verb
9. My parents are on holiday. auxiliary verbfull verb
10. I had just finished my breakfast when the phone rang. auxiliary verbfull verb

Mark wrong answers Replace wrong by correct answers Show all correct answers

 อ้างอิง
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/auxiliary-verbs
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/auxiliary-verbs/exercises?ex02

Wh Question

Wh- Questions

Click for Audio

Wh- Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics. They are as follows: When? Where? Who? Why? How? What? Time Place Person Reason Manner Object/Idea/Action Other words can also be used to inquire about specific information: Which (one)? Whose? Whom? How much? How many? How long? How often? How far? What kind (of)? Choice of alternatives Possession Person (objective formal) Price, amount (non-count) Quantity (count) Duration Frequency Distance Description                        The "grammar" used with wh- questions depends on whether the topic being asked about is the "subject" or "predicate" of a sentence. For the subject pattern, simply replace the person or thing being asked about with the appropriate wh-word. (Someone has my baseball.) (Something is bothering you.) Who has my baseball? What is bothering you?                       For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation depends on whether there is an "auxiliary" verb in the original sentence. Auxiliary or "helping" verbs are verbs that precede main verbs. Auxiliary verbs are italicized in the following sentences. -I can do it. They are leaving. I have eaten my lunch. I should have finished my homework.                   To make a question using the predicate pattern, first form a yes/no question by inverting the subject and (first) auxiliary verb. Then, add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence. (You will leave some time.) ..... will you leave When will you leave? (He is doing something.) ..... is he doing What is he doing? (They have been somewhere.) ..... have they been Where have they been?              If there is no auxiliary and the verb is "be," invert the subject and verb, then add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence. <><><><><><> (He is someone.) ..... is he Who is he? (The meeting was some time.) ..... was the meeting When was the meeting?                      If there is no auxiliary and the verb is not "be," add do to the beginning of the sentence. Then add the appropriate wh-question word. Be sure to "transfer" the tense and number from the main verb to the word do.   <><><><><><><><> (You want something.) ..... do you want What do you want? (You went somewhere.) ..... did you go (past tense) Where did you go? (She likes something.) ..... does she like (third person -s) What does she like? For Practice: See Question Words (from The Internet TESL Journal) What, When or Where? (from The Internet TESL Journal) <><><><> <> <><><><> <> See also: Speaking: Simple Questions Speaking: Asking for information Exercise    Exercise Show answer 1) ______ do you like best? 2) ______ does Bill get up in the morning?                                 3) ______ don't you go by bus, Max? 4) ______ hobbies does Andrew have? 5) ______ do they go to every week? 6) ______ old is Mike? 7) ______ is Susan's birthday? 8) ______ are my exercise books? 9) ______ are you doing at the moment, Sally? 10) ______ do the Robinsons live?

อ้างอิง

http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/wh_questions.html

http://a4esl.org/q/h/mc-www.html

http://www.eslgold.com/speaking/simple_questions.html

http://www.eslgold.com/speaking/asking_information.html
http://useit.vn/content/view/2982/373/lang,english/

There is / There are

                                                   การใช้ There is และ There are

There is/There are is a common phrase in English, used to indicate that something ?exists? or is in a certain location. The main subject follows the verb when there is/are is used.

There is an apple on the table. There are some apples on the table.

Other forms of ?be? can also be used with there is/there are.

There will be a party at Bill's house on Saturday. There were four witnesses at the crime scene.
There have been two robberies in the last five months.

Contractions are possible, but they are mostly used informally in speech.

There's a fly in my soup. There're plenty of oranges left. There'll be a lot of people in attendance.

There's is by far the most common contraction, and it is sometimes used inadvertently with plural subjects by native speakers.

There's ten people outside!

Common mistakes
Since the expression there is/are usually has no equivalent in other languages, students sometimes use have instead.

Have a lot of food on the table. It has a lot of food on the table. There have a lot of food on the table. There is a lot of food on the table.

(Incorrect) (Incorrect) (Incorrect) (Correct)

Exercise

1.____ a book on the table.

    a) There is

    b) There are

 2.____ three pens under the chair.

    a) There is

    b) There are

3.____ water in the glass.

   a) There is

   b) There are

 4.____ students in the room.

   a) There is

   b) There are

5.____ an orange in the box.

   a) There is

   b) There are

6.____ apples in the box?

   a) Is there

   b) Are there

7.____ a cat under the table?

   a) Is there

   b) Are there

8.____ any dogs in the room?

   a) Is there

   b) Are there

9.____ any rice in the plate?

   a) Is ther

   b) Are there

10.__ notebooks in the schoolbag?

   a) Is there

   b) Are there

อ้างอิง

http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/there_is_are.html

http://www.freewebs.com/wichaimakyou/ThereisThereareTest.htm

Verb to be

Verb  to  be ( is ,  am ,  are)

                    หน้าที่ของ Verb to be (is,am,are)
      1.ใช้วางหน้ากลุ่มคำ Adjective จะต้องใช้ Be  นำหน้าเสมอ
      2.ใช้เป็นกริยาช่วยในโครงสร้างของประโยคนั้นให้เป็น Continuous Tense (ประโยคที่มีกริยาเติม ing)วางไว้หน้ากริยาเติม ing. เช่น.
-  He is reading a book.
-The students are playing a book.
     3.ใช้เป็นกริยาช่วยในโครงสร้างของประโยค Passive Voice (ประโยคที่ประธานเป็นผู้ถูกกระทำ)วางไว้หน้ากริยาช่อง 3
A glass of water of mine is broken.
    4.วางไว้หน้า Infinitive แสคงถึงหน้าที่ที่ต้องกระทำ,แผนการณ์,การเตรียมการ,คำสั่ง,คำขอร้อง เช่น.
-Anupong is to go home tomorrow.
    5.ใช้นำหน้าสำนวน about to + Verb ช่อง 1 แสดงถึงเหตุการณ์ที่จะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต เช่น.
-They are about to start jouney this evening.
    6.ใช้ทำหน้าที่เป็นกริยาPrinciple Verb ในประโยคได้ กรณีนี้ประโยคนั้นจะไม่มี Verb ตัวอื่นเข้ามาร่วมอยู่กับ Verb to be เช่น.
-I am a teacher of English


                                             หลักการใช้กับประธานในประโยค
1.ประธานที่เป็นเอกพจน์บุรุษที่ 3 ได้แก่ He She It ใช้ is
2.ประธานที่เป็นเอกพจน์บุรุษที่1   ได้แก่ I  ใช้ am
   ประธานที่เป็นพหูพจน์ทุกบุรุษ ใช้ are

I	am	a student.
He	is	a teacher.
She	is	a journalist.
It	is	a book.
We	are	mechanics.
You	are	pilots.
They	are	policemen.

**Verb to be ใช้เป็นประโยคคำถาม Yes , No Question มีหลักการ ดังนี้
นำ Verb to be มาวางหน้าประโยค และเอาประธานของประโยคมาวางต่อจาก Verb to be  เช่น.
                He is sleeping   ------Is he sleeping?

statement	You are from Germany.
question	Are you from Germany?

Part I : Fill Verb to be (is, am,orare) in the blank.

 จงเติม Verb to be (is, am, are)ลงในช่องว่างให้ถูกต้อง

1.Wiwat……………………at the office.
2.They……………………Mary’s books.

3.It……………………Jill’s cup.
4.We……………………at  school.
5.Children……………………playing in the field.
6.She……………………a beautiful woman.
7.Flowers……………………in a vase.
8.I……………………hungry.
9.Water……………………dirty.
10.Ice……………………cold.
11.He……………………hot.
12.Police……………………over there.
13.Milk……………………important for everyone.
14.Kate and I…………………happy today.
15.I……………………twenty years old.

อ้างอิง

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/frage.htm

http://www.sahavicha.com/?name=test&file=readtest&id=2081

http://tc.mengrai.ac.th/pranom/verb__to__be1.htm